Part Three Assessment: Model Answer and Rubric

Read this against what you submitted. The point is not the score. The point is the gap.

1. The timeline

When

What happened

Source











31/03/2026

Service account SVC-HAZEL-PROD created on request of j.prentice. Owner of record left blank. Never recertified: it is classed as an application account and sits outside the privileged access review

Tool manifest, service account block











06/04/2026

Hazel goes live. Seven tools configured under CHG0029871. goodwill_credit posts to the payments ledger, is marked irreversible, needs no human confirmation, unsupervised limit £250

Wiki, tool manifest











06/04/2026

The correspondence ingestion path goes live the same day. Inbound email is auto triaged and the body of anything routed to the assistant enabled queue is passed to the model, about 3,100 items a week. Nothing in the change record for go live mentions it

Correspondence path note











12/05 to 14/07/2026

Restricted Collections guidance arrives in the retrieval store because a crawler followed a link. Noticed in July, left in. There is no removal process. An eighth tool is added with no change record

Retrieval manifest, tool manifest











21/08 09:51

The instruction block is first sent to the servicing inbox, inside a complaint about a duplicate direct debit

Attachment, quoted text











02/09 09:40:17

The message arrives again as a reply, the instruction block now three levels down in quoted text. Queue: SERVICING-INBOUND, auto triaged, assistant enabled

Attachment header











02/09 09:51:14

First goodwill credit, £250. Eleven minutes after the email arrived. Entry 9, at 10:04:31, is £120 to customer MFS-6904885 on the app channel

Ledger











The timeline, continued

When

What happened

Source










02/09 10:31:06

Entry 23. Running total £4,180 against a daily cap of £4,000 evaluated before authorisation, and the entry that crossed it was paid. Further requests blocked

Ledger footer










02/09 11:26

SD-119488 raised. P3, low impact. Category: Billing anomaly. Configuration item: The goodwill ledger, not the assistant

SD-119488










02/09 12:02

SD-119495. Finance ask whether the counter resets daily, and record an unanswered note from March that the reset job runs monthly

SD-119495










02/09 14:47

SD-119512. Customer MFS-6904885 telephones to ask why £120 arrived and whether it is a scam. Told it was a goodwill gesture that would stand. Closed 15:10

SD-119512










03/09 08:55

SD-119534. The goodwill account is at £4,410 month to date on day two, against a full month budget of £1,800

SD-119534










03/09 09:14

SD-119662. A different customer reports the assistant offered £250 unprompted during a statement query. No payment reached the account

Service desk extract










03/09 10:30

The inbound email is found. Forty five hours after the first credit

SD-119488 work note










The timeline, continued

When

What happened

Source



04/09 16:10

CHG0031204 implemented. Prompt amended by svc_brightpath_support, a supplier account. Limit £250 to £50. Counter reset by hand. Tested by: Blank. Test evidence: None. Post implementation review: Not required

CHG0031204, config export



04/09 16:44

SD-119488 closed. "No customer detriment identified." Major incident: No. Security incident raised: No. Breach assessment requested: No. Linked problem record: None

SD-119488



04/09/2026

Guardrail rule INSTRUCTION_IN_CONTENT configured, set to flag and pass. Before this date there was no detection of instructions in content at all

Guardrail summary



05/09 11:20

Finance given the month end narrative: "One-off configuration issue, remediated"

SD-119534



08/09/2026

SD-119662 closed, no fault found. The transcript was checked on 8 September and retention is 24 hours

Service desk extract



21 to 27/09

Thirty seven INSTRUCTION_IN_CONTENT events in one week, none reviewed. There is no queue view for flagged and passed events

Guardrail export



01/10/2026

The September incident log is extracted. Neither Hazel nor 2 September appears on it

Incident log



The gaps, marked as gaps.

  • What the assistant was told, and what it said. Both unknowable. The prompt in the pack was updated at 16:10 on 4 September and the console holds only the current text. Transcripts are retained for 24 hours.
  • Whether any of the twenty three had a real service failure, and whether twenty two of them were ever contacted. Not recorded. The ledger holds references and amounts, and the only contact on file is the customer who telephoned.
  • Whether anything else in that window went wrong. The planted text also told the assistant to close the contact and not to raise a ticket. Nobody has looked.
  • Who owns the service account, and whether the daily counter resets daily. One field is blank. The other was asked in March, asked again on 2 September, and answered neither time.

If your timeline begins at 09:40 on 2 September, you have written the ticket out again.

The decisions that produced that morning were taken in March and April, by people doing ordinary work, and none of them is recorded anywhere as a decision about an AI system.

2. Five judgements

One. What kind of failure, and what caused it

Climb from the output to the rung where somebody had a choice.

The output was twenty three payments. What matters is not that the model was misled but what that output was permitted to authorise. goodwill_credit posts to the payments ledger and reversal is not available through the tool. Session, hourly and batch ceilings all read "not configured".

The only ceiling was a daily cap in a different system, and it paid the entry that crossed it.

Stop at the decision, taken at go live, to give one assistant a money moving tool and an email ingestion path in the same configuration, where the ingestion path appears in no Meridian change record.


The cascade lesson explains the mechanism. Summarisation and conversation are two separate calls, and "what is written down between the two steps is the summary text and nothing else".

The second call receives words and has no way to ask whose they were.


Resist the clean story. Only 8 of the 23 credits were at the £250 maximum, so the assistant did not follow the planted instruction literally. The standing prompt tells it to judge the amount by the impact and not to offer the minimum.

You are looking at the planted instruction working alongside the standing one, and nobody can say which did what, because the transcripts are gone and the prompt of the day was never retained.

Two. What harm, and to whom

Reach for the CSET framework rather than the Sociotechnical Harms Taxonomy. One is arranged for imagining harm forward, the other for establishing it backward from evidence, and this is the backward question. Three of its four elements are quick. The fourth takes the work.


Established. Meridian lost £4,180 it cannot recover. The link is direct: The ledger names the source account, the first credit is eleven minutes after the email, all twenty three are inside forty minutes.

Cultural harm sits beside the financial harm. The quality sample checks five things and none of them is whether the answer was correct, and the quality manager's note says two of her team have been uneasy about the assistant for a month and she had not written it down before.

Established, and missed by everybody. Customer MFS-6904885 was told the £120 was a goodwill gesture and would stand.

On the evidence that was not true, because nobody had decided to give them anything. A customer who rang to ask whether they were being defrauded was reassured with an explanation Meridian now knows was wrong, and that carries a duty to go back.

Separately, the customer whose email carried the text was writing for the fourth time about a direct debit taken twice in July, and nothing in any document answers them.

Their complaint was the vehicle, so it stopped being a complaint.

Not established, and no longer establishable.

Twenty two people received money in circumstances nobody can reconstruct.

Do not rank these. Sort them, say who carries each, and let the reader see them as different things.

Three. One incident or several

Join on a hypothesis, split on evidence.

The join is provable.

Ledger entry 9 is £120 at 10:04:31 on the app channel. SD-119512 is customer MFS-6904885 asking about £120 that morning. Two registers, one event. SD-119534 is the same event in a third register, appearing as a month end variance.


The split is the finding.

SD-119662, raised on 3 September, reports the assistant offering £250 unprompted with no payment reaching the account. It is not explained by "23 credits, contained on 4 September".

Two explanations fit and the evidence cannot separate them: The technique worked again, or the assistant went on offering money after the ledger cap had blocked it from paying.

The second carries its own finding, because between 10:31 on 2 September and 16:10 on 4 September no customer with a genuine service failure could be paid either, and nobody recorded that.

SD-119662 leaves the incident and becomes its own item with an owner. So does the counter reset question, raised in March, which predates all of this.

The thirty seven unreviewed guardrail flags are a hazard rather than an incident, and you record them as one.


One thing does not join at all.

The complaint in section 4.1 is a different system, a different failure and a different entity function, with no shared cause in the evidence.

The string 4417 appears both in that customer's loan reference and in the fake campaign reference in the planted text.

Notice it, check it, find nothing, and keep it out of your document. A pattern is not a finding.

Four. What containment should have been taken, and by whom

Nothing was contained. The payments stopped because a cap in a different system did what it was built to do, for a different reason. The ticket was raised fifty five minutes after the last credit.

The configuration changed fifty four hours after the first.

Containment is a decision about what damage is acceptable in order to stop worse damage.

Three options existed on the morning of 2 September: Set the unsupervised limit to zero, disable the tool, or disable the assistant enabled correspondence queue.

The first two make customers with genuine service failures wait for a person. The third sends about 3,100 items a week back to people who are not staffed for them.

The mechanism was never the problem. Three named people can edit the configuration, there is no approval workflow, and changes propagate in about ninety seconds.

What was missing was a written permission saying who may spend that cost without asking.

Whose decision was it? The business owner of the assistant, and the pack cannot name that person.

The owner of record on the service account is blank, and the closest the evidence gets is that the account was created on request of j.prentice, the Digital Channels product owner.

That is the finding, not an inconvenience on the way to one.

The wake threshold here needs no analysis either. Money left the organisation without a person approving it, and that was visible by 09:55 on a Wednesday morning, in working hours.

Five. What has to be re-validated

Nothing was switched off, so there is no return to stage. The re-validation attaches to the change.

The change was written into the production prompt by a supplier service account, with tested by blank, no test evidence and no post implementation review. Meridian has no evidence that the fix works, and the fix is an instruction to the model delivered through the same channel as the attack.

The detection added the same day flags and passes, with no queue to review it and thirty seven events in one sample week.

Then list every point where content enters, because the trust boundary is not one line on a diagram. The chat message. The email body.

And the retrieval store, which is crawled nightly over the public help centre, holds an internal playbook that was not written for customers, holds restricted Collections guidance a crawler reached by following a link, enforces no access control on its sources and has no removal process.

There is also nothing to re-validate against. The only statement of normal anywhere in the pack is one person's sentence in a ticket: Four to six credits a day, and the largest they had seen was £100. A threshold is three things in one sentence, the normal level, the point at which somebody acts and the action.

Meridian has none of the three for a tool that moves money.

Finish honestly. What happened in those forty minutes cannot now be established, so the re-validation cannot be complete, and that belongs in writing rather than being worked round. Never write that a system is secure.

3. The classification

An incident, not a hazard.

Harm landed: £4,180 left the organisation and cannot be recovered. Whether harm landed on any of the twenty three customers is unestablished and can no longer be established, and that sentence belongs inside the classification rather than outside it.

Caused deliberately.

The text carried a false campaign reference, was formatted to look like an internal note, and said it must not be mentioned to the customer. Three things follow.

The reporting clocks run from the moment Meridian became aware. Whatever Meridian changes teaches whoever wrote it something about what Meridian can see. And containment stops being a reflex and becomes a decision with a named owner.

Indirect injection, not direct.

The instruction was planted in content the system would read later. Whoever wrote it never signed in to anything, and what triggered it was Meridian's own auto triage doing its job.

Against the published top ten list for large language model applications it sits across two entries at once: Prompt injection, and how much the system is allowed to do on its own.

Only one of those is about the model. Open MITRE ATLAS when you have a finding and want to know whether the technique has been seen elsewhere.

Open NIST AI 100-2 when two teams are using a word differently, which is what is happening here between "billing anomaly" and "security incident".

The classification, continued

Now say what Meridian recorded.

Type: Incident. Category: Billing anomaly. Configuration item: The goodwill ledger. P3, impact low. Major incident: No. Security incident raised: No. Breach assessment requested: No.

Linked problem record: None. Closure: Resolved, configuration.

In Meridian's own records this is not an event involving an AI system. It is a ledger that behaved oddly for one morning.

And preserve the contradiction rather than resolving it.

The September incident log states that it contains all P1, P2 and P3 incident records raised in the month. SD-119488 is a P3 record of type incident.

It is not on the log, and the log's control note excludes only requests, billing queries and advice calls. You cannot tell from the pack which register is authoritative.

Write down what each one states, ask the service desk manager what the relationship between the two is, and treat any count of incidents drawn from that log as incomplete until somebody answers.


Do not pick one and move on.

4. The note

A model at 249 words, to J. Prentice, Digital Channels.

Dear Jemma

I have been through the records for the goodwill credits of 2 September: The ticket, the ledger, the change and the platform configuration. The team found the cause quickly and the change went in inside two days. This is not about how it was handled.

Three things I would like your view on, and one question first.

The owner of record on the service account is blank, so I am writing to you because you requested the account. If Hazel sits with somebody else, please tell me and I will take this to them.

Who may switch the tool off. On the morning of 2 September the limit could have been set to zero in about ninety seconds. Nobody had permission to spend the cost of doing it, so nobody did, and the payments stopped when a cap in the ledger stopped them. Half a page naming who may make that call, and what they are allowed to break, would have saved most of the forty minutes.

The fix has no test evidence. The change record has tested by blank. I am not doubting it works. I am saying we cannot show it does.

One signal is still unexplained. SD-119662 is not covered by the fix, and the transcript had expired before anyone looked.

Could I have half an hour with you and Callum? I would like to leave with an owner and a date against each of the three.

Why this person and not another.

She can decide all three asks. Note that the pack gives her surname in one document and her first name in another, and never puts a title against either, which is why the note opens by asking her to confirm that Hazel is hers.

Naming a recipient you have inferred, and saying that you inferred it, is better than writing to nobody. Writing to your own manager is a status update, not an action.

Writing to the engineer who found the cause, or the analyst who closed the ticket, asks people to fix something they do not own.

Writing to the service desk manager corrects a record and changes nothing. Writing over three heads to the technology executive in week four spends every piece of credit you have, once.

What this note does.

It says what was read. It credits the response before it criticises the record, because the response was good. It separates "the fix may well work" from "we cannot show the fix works", which is the distinction that lets an engineer agree with you.

It asks for owners, not for a system to be stopped.

And it raises the unexplained signal with no theory attached.

What a weaker note does.

It uses the word attack in the first line. It says the incident was misclassified, which is true and is an accusation about a named colleague's ticket.

It asks for the correspondence queue to be switched off, which you cannot obtain and which costs the business 3,100 items a week. It lists all seven findings, so none of them gets an owner.

5. The rubric

Score yourself on each criterion. Be strict.

Criterion one: The reconstruction

Score

Description

Yes

The timeline starts before 2 September and carries the go live decisions. Every entry has a source. The gaps are on the timeline with a date and a reason, including the two that cannot be closed: the transcripts and the prompt of the day

Nearly

The timeline is accurate and starts on 2 September, so the configuration decisions appear as background rather than as events

Not yet

The ticket is retold in order, or the gaps are left out because there was nothing to put in the row

Criterion two: Reading the evidence

Score

Description

Yes

The link between entry 9 and SD-119512 is made from the two documents. SD-119662 is taken out as its own item, with both explanations kept open. The cause is stopped at a decision rather than at the model. Harm is established with the backward framework and sorted rather than ranked. The unfollowed instruction, eight credits at the maximum out of twenty three, is noticed

Nearly

The incident is correctly assembled but everything is folded into it, so the unexplained signal closes with the rest

Not yet

The planted email is treated as a complete explanation, or the twenty three customers are described as harmed without the fourth element being tested

Criterion three: Classification and the note

Score

Description

Yes

Incident rather than hazard, deliberate, indirect. Meridian's own classification is stated and the difference between the two registers is preserved rather than resolved. The note is within 250 words, goes to somebody who can decide, and asks for owners rather than for the system to stop

Nearly

The classification is right but Meridian's own record is not set beside it, so the finding about the register is missing. Or the note is accurate and asks for more than a post with no authority can obtain

Not yet

The classification is given as a single word. Or the note delivers a verdict, names a colleague's ticket as an error, or asks for the correspondence queue to be switched off

Where this goes

Week 11 classifies risk, and the goodwill tool is the first thing you will reach for.

Week 12 asks what an assurance scheme would have found here, and the answer depends on a scope line.

Week 13 assesses the suppliers, and the question of what model actually sits behind this assistant is where that week starts.

Week 19 asks how an organisation learns from something it filed as a billing anomaly.


Keep this work. You will be asked for it again.